The biodefense research may benefit Diversa's efforts to develop anti-infective drugs and take them to market.

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Tropical countries are plagued by ecological conditions that produce hundreds of infective bites per year per person.

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The fear was that the infective prion agent of vCJD was not completely destroyed by normal sterilisation of reusable instruments.

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And so, I spent a lot of my life doing what she does and to hear that it often is infective is very troubling.

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In 2007 the American Heart Association changed the guidelines so that only people at highest risk for developing infective endocarditis are now advised to receive prophylactic antibiotics before invasive procedures.

CNN: Why do I no longer need an antibiotic before teeth cleaning?

For certain heart conditions, antibiotics are recommended about one hour before invasive medical procedures to prevent a condition called infective endocarditis, which is a potentially life-threatening bacterial infection of the inner lining or valve within the heart.

CNN: Why do I no longer need an antibiotic before teeth cleaning?

The changes were made because it was discovered that infective endocarditis is more likely to occur after frequent exposure to bacteria from routine activities such as chewing food or brushing one's teeth than from occasional dental, gastrointestinal tract or genitourinary tract procedures.

CNN: Why do I no longer need an antibiotic before teeth cleaning?