He was, but his Iron Cross 1st Class protected him and he survived.

CNN: Private Ryan was a hero, but there were bums, too

In Lisbon Mr Chapman picked up his German salary and a bonus for good work, went on a long holiday in Norway and then to Berlin to get his Iron Cross.

ECONOMIST: Eddie Chapman

Under the clouds of threatening war, it is humanity hanging from a cross of iron.

NEWYORKER: The Force

Hogan, A Cross of Iron: Harry S Truman and the Origins of the National Security State, 1945-1954 (Cambridge, 1998).

CENTERFORSECURITYPOLICY: The National Security Act of 1947

Cross St Michan's Church immediately off your list: behind iron doors, a narrow stone staircase descends to its crypt where the ghoulish remains of up to 800-year-old bodies have been preserved by the dry air.

BBC: Haunted Dublin