In the past, pilots thought airplanes moving up and down in the jet stream caused such turbulence.
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He has been riding at the edge of a jet stream that is carrying him toward the British Isles.
The explanation for this lies with the "jet stream" - a ribbon of fast-moving air, up in the atmosphere.
Later in the summer, the jet stream moved back to its normal position and the usual rainfall service was resumed.
The jet stream consists of strong winds about 10 miles above the Earth that control storm paths and mark boundaries between cooler and warmer air.
This has been caused by cold La Nina temperatures in the Eastern Tropical Pacific that pushed the jet stream northward, shifting moisture and rainfall eastward.
It will make its way into the jet stream and come the the US. The same jet streams that carried Japanese baloon bombs to the US in WW2.
In both instances, the Met Office failed to predict the movements of the jet stream - the high-level wind that races round the world 10km above the surface.
This is the so-called jet stream, the fast river of air that helps drive our weather, which interacts with the storm's updrafts to create a spinning column of air.
This shift created a stronger jet stream aimed towards the northwest part of the U.S., bringing drier and warmer conditions across the southern and eastern portion of the country.
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That means more melting ice in the Arctic, dumping fresh water into the salty sea and making a mess of the all-important Gulf jet stream, which makes northern U.S. habitable.
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Dr Blackburn and his colleagues studied the pattern of the jet stream during the floods in June and July 2007 and found it to be similar in appearance to now.
Business is fluid, like the jet stream.
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The Oklahoma City area, including Moore, could continue to face storms during the morning due to a strong cold front positioned through the state and a strong low-level jet stream "plowing into it from the south, " Van Dillen said.
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Warm conditions in the Atlantic and cooler conditions than normal in the Pacific Ocean also have forced the jet stream farther north and created a corridor for newly born hurricanes to move unimpeded from the ocean waters up the Atlantic coast, Liu said.
Rusts especially exercised him: how they lived, under the green live tissue of stems, how they spread, travelling for miles on the jet stream, and how they fell from the sky to infect even the healthiest crop, if the moisture and temperature were right.
The configuration of the jet stream, a band of high-altitude westerly winds, also contributes, although its current position, to the far north above the continent, is not uncommon for summer, according to Mike Brewer, a physical scientist with the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration.
According to a recent paper by Francis and Vavrus in Geophysical Research Letters, the preferential warming of the Arctic, with a concomitant decline in late-summer sea ice, results in a more meandering jet stream, which is why Sandy shifted westward, rather than being shoved out to sea by the normally strong westerlies associated with the jet.
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This is no comfort as the forecasts continue to be grim, but it is a measure of the complexity of the physics involved - how air moves in waves, why certain patterns form - that more than 60 years later scientists are still wrestling with the question of how the jet stream operates and what shapes it.
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