They are the first planets discovered by the enormous Keck telescope in Hawaii, the sharpest optical telescope in the world.

CNN: Astronomers spy new neighbors outside solar system

The infra-red radiation emitted by the dust can also be used to measure the size of the ring directly, and this has been done using the Keck telescope on Mauna Kea, Hawaii.

ECONOMIST: Planetary formation

Using Keck I, a telescope on a mountain-top in Hawaii, the physicists analysed light emanating from very bright but distant galaxies called quasars.

ECONOMIST: Fundamental physics

The work, which is described in the journal Nature, actually draws on observations made by several astronomical facilities, including the Keck and James Clerk Maxwell telescopes in Hawaii and the Hubble Space Telescope in orbit around the Earth.

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