When these medicines don't work, there are local anesthetics, and drugs delivered directly into the spine by pumps such as those made by Medtronic (nyse: MDT - news - people ).

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Our collaborators at TheraJect, who provided the silicone molds to fabricate the microneedle arrays, are using this technology to deliver anti-aging cosmetics (anti-wrinkle creams) to the skin and also for delivery of local anesthetics and, triptan, a drug for migraine treatment.

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