They were used in the 1600s in attempts to overthrow China's ruling Manchu government.
The two remaining (the other is also 86) sometimes chat to each other in Manchu.
ECONOMIST: One hundred years on, only a few native speakers remain
The Manchu emperor abdicated in February 1912, ending over 2, 000 years of dynastic rule.
It is true that, under the ethnic-Manchu Qing dynasty, which fell in 1911, China ruled Mongolia cruelly.
ECONOMIST: A tug of war between commercial logic and popular sentiment
In Sanjiazi, descendants of the Manchu troops who settled the village during the Qing period outnumbered Han residents.
ECONOMIST: One hundred years on, only a few native speakers remain
Wu Yuanfeng, a government archivist, says 2m out of 10m Qing documents in the country's collection are written in Manchu.
ECONOMIST: One hundred years on, only a few native speakers remain
Sherepita was a burly man in his thirties with a shaved head and tattoos, a goatee and a Fu Manchu mustache.
The far bank was ruled by a more powerful prince, a Manchu, whose army had firearms and who drank from gold cups.
About six years ago Sanjiazi set up the country's first Manchu school.
ECONOMIST: One hundred years on, only a few native speakers remain
In June 1685 thousands of Manchu, Chinese and Daurian troops besieged Albazino again, killing 100 out of 800 Russians on the first day.
The Xibo language is very close to Manchu, but Mr Wu says only about 20, 000 speak it and their numbers are rapidly diminishing too.
ECONOMIST: One hundred years on, only a few native speakers remain
But Bervy, a tall 46-year-old with a dark Fu Manchu mustache, has lots of cash from selling his real estate business back East in 2005.
But in some remote rural areas Manchu ways held out longer.
ECONOMIST: One hundred years on, only a few native speakers remain
The Manchu teachers, she says, do not understand her Manchu.
ECONOMIST: One hundred years on, only a few native speakers remain
It was not such a great leap from the Manchu system to the pastoral collectives under socialism, called negdel, that were set up in the late 1940s and 1950s.
What she did not know was that the Manchu tribes had recently united and had risen up with such force that, invading China, they had deposed the tottering Ming dynasty.
This water clock, like the whole Rococo palace, had been born of a friendship between the Manchu emperor Qianlong and Giuseppe Castiglione, a Milanese Jesuit whom he commissioned to design it in 1747.
Ms Zhao grew up speaking Manchu.
ECONOMIST: One hundred years on, only a few native speakers remain
The Confederate leaders sought to preserve the South's status quo ante, but Hong believed he had a holy mission to depose the Manchu, to return China to governance by ethnic Chinese and to usher in an era of "Taiping" (Great Peace).
The four decades following America's first Gilded Age in the 1870s were pocked with dislocation: multiple financial panics, the Spanish-American War, the Boer War, the Russo-Japanese War, the fall of the Manchu dynasty, the onset of the Mexican Revolution and Otto von Bismarck's German makeover.
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