When the questions arise, his defense could well invoke some increasingly-complex mathematical analysis from the books on sabermetrics and Moneyball.

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It applied rigorous analysis and mathematical methodology to the practice of marketing, something that had never been done before.

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Now you should be able to see the mathematical fallacy in that analysis if you completed your Freshman year in high school.

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To do so, astronomers resort to Fourier analysis, a mathematical technique that allows them to break a complex curve into a set of simple ones called sine waves.

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When something new is encountered, the follow-up steps usually require mathematical and statistical methods to move the analysis forward.

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How someone fabricates a line of analysis that can transition from a mathematical examination of greenhouse effects all the way to policies for helping the poor still mystifies me.

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For example, Monte Carlo analysis is used for solving complex problems where mathematical formulas typically fall short.

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