The Cardiopad is already generating a lot of interest in African tech and medical circles.

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Under-cross examination by defence QC Edward Targowski, Prof Black admitted that not everyone in scientific and medical circles agreed with her view on Harris lines.

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What is relatively new is the zeal in medical-research circles to use extensive biomarker testing as a quantifiable measure of a person's overall health and, possibly, as a warning flag for potential health problems down the road.

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In some circles, this is called medical quality control.

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The bottom line is that red, white and black circles cannot reveal everything about the quality of a medical practice.

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Despite a lack of evidence and the skepticism of the medical community, passionate supporters have kept the therapy alive in alternative medicine circles.

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