HSBC, the biggest banking group in the territory, whose main regulator is the monetary authority itself.
There is nothing resembling a monetary authority, let alone a monetary policy, in Iraq.
Over the last two days, the monetary authority has slashed rates 1.5 percent.
The Singapore Exchange has just announced it will be moving its broker-supervision powers to the Monetary Authority in July.
It also began last year to post on a Monetary Authority-operated website queries it makes to companies on suspicious stock movements.
The Monetary Authority's Yam revised interbank trading rules to boost liquidity in the banking system, making it harder to manipulate local-dollar interest rates.
In the case of Singapore, it is the Monetary Authority of Singapore, and in Hong Kong, the Hong Kong Securities and Futures Commission.
Essentially, bitcoin is a reaction to three separate and ongoing developments: centralized monetary authority, diminishing financial privacy, and the entrenched legacy financial infrastructure.
The Monetary Authority will enforce an 80% limit on mortgage loans -- the ceiling in Hong Kong is 70% of the property's assessed value.
By forcing share prices up, the monetary authority hopes to inflict losses on the short sellers and thereby persuade them to mend their ways.
But it also gives the impression that the monetary authority is behaving, in discretionary fashion, like the central bank it is not meant to be.
In practice, the monetary authority has also shown a gentler side.
The Hong Kong Monetary Authority also did its part to back markets, cutting its key interest rate by half a percent -- the second such move.
Joseph Yam, chief executive of the Hong Kong Monetary Authority, and Rafael Hui, secretary for financial services, wanted to fight the predators in the equities market.
The U.S. dollar is hardly the only currency, and the U.S. Federal Reserve is hardly the only monetary authority that has been increasing its money supply.
In July, the central bank issued a memorandum of cooperation with the Hong Kong Monetary Authority to allow the currency to have an expanded role there.
The fine was the first levied against a major corporation by Singapore's central bank, the Monetary Authority of Singapore, under rules governing market misconduct introduced last year.
Even higher (though arguably not as dramatic) is the view from the windows of the Hong Kong Monetary Authority Information Centre on the 55th floor of Two International Finance Centre.
Indeed, the monetary authority does not even print the currency.
The commission is looking into nearly 250 cases that have been screened for formal investigation by the Hong Kong Monetary Authority, which is investigating more than 4, 100 cases separately.
The two respective central banks also would be statutorily stripped of their discretionary monetary authority and relieved of their ill-considered responsibility to manipulate monetary policy in pursuit of full employment.
As China's households grow richer, meat, poultry and milk are claiming a bigger share of their budgets, according to Wenlang Zhang and Daniel Law of the Hong Kong Monetary Authority.
The monetary authority's aim was to slap down hedge funds that had been shorting shares (selling borrowed shares in the hope of buying them back later at a lower price).
It extended its opening hours, dispatched guards to ensure queues were orderly and distributed leaflets noting that it was heavily capitalised and liquid, a position endorsed by the local monetary authority.
And so in both cases, the monetary authority can help out by producing enough inflation to bring real wages down to a level where supply and demand are brought back into balance.
"I think there are actions (that need) to be taken by the monetary authority in conjunction with any announcement or change in the policy rate, " he said on television channel CNBC TV18.
The monetary authority, says Mr Miller, should sell convertible bonds which, if denominated in Hong Kong dollars, carry an option for the holder to convert into American dollars at the set rate.
His statement comes as a surprise to all, as throughout his 16 years as chief executive of the Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA), he defended and strongly upheld the peg between the two currencies.
FORBES: Hong Kong's Ex-Central Banker Drives Doubt Into Dollar Peg
With its combination of slow growth and fast inflation, stagflation presents the monetary authority with a dreadful dilemma: lower rates and let inflation run away, or raise them and throw even more people out of work.
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