And the treasury secretary, Paul O'Neill, has been dismissive of American participation in multilateral aid efforts.
The Multilateral Aid Review (MAR), conducted by the UK Department for International Development (DFID), assesses 43 multilateral organisations, including UNESCO.
Economic progress depends on sustained bilateral and multilateral aid, on responsible government economic management, and on continued technical assistance from multilateral and bilateral donors.
The review could sway decisions on multilateral aid, and embolden local activists.
Notwithstanding efforts by President Bush, British Prime Minister John Major and other leaders to downplay the chances that a massive infusion of aid will be forthcoming subsequent to the London meeting, the Center believes that a substantial, multilateral aid program is likely to be launched there.
Islamabad is dependent on loans and aid from multilateral agencies where Washington carries great weight.
The record of aid from multilateral development banks is decidedly mixed.
And the drumming of fingers by the American government over the 500-odd property claims from ex-owners, mostly Nicaraguans, resident in the United States had become a deafening throb, accompanied by warnings that the Americans would suspend aid and block multilateral loans unless things were sorted out.
But the aid it received from all donors, multilateral and bilateral, amounted to about 14 times that figure.
Many allied governments are inclined to exploit the widely shared desire to aid the process of reform in Poland and Hungary to dismantle multilateral export control arrangements under which such Western governments and their businesses have chafed for years.
Some 40% of official British aid goes through the UN, the World Bank and 30-odd other multilateral organisations, with agencies such as UNESCO and the Food and Agriculture Organisation seen as particularly feeble.
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