In the study, 25% of the patients had increased muscle activity during REM sleep.
Self-adhesive electronics devices thinner than the diameter of a human hair can monitor the human heart, brain waves and muscle activity.
It affects voluntary muscle activity including speaking, walking, breathing, swallowing and general movement of the body and usually causes progressive disability.
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The researchers checked that the viewers had not been covertly practising the task while watching the video by recording the volunteers' arm muscle activity during the viewing.
Over time that message evolved so the muscle activity involved in a smile sends a message to the brain signaling safety, which could translate into lower heart rate and stress levels.
These include the frontal cortex (where decisions are made), the motor cortex (which controls muscle activity), the somatosensory cortex (where the sense of touch is located) and the part of the parietal cortex that regulates kinaesthesia (the sense of bodily motion, which is built up from signals from the muscles and the vestibular systems of the ears).
Aerobic activity is a repetitive rhythmic exercise involving large muscle groups such as legs, shoulders and arms.
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Normally, orderly waves of electric activity pass through the cardiac tissue, causing the heart muscle to contract.
The electrical activity fails to die away properly, and moves around the muscle in a turbulent pattern causing an arrhythmia known as ventricular fibrillation.
Davidson, director of the Center for Investigating Healthy Minds at the University of Wisconsin, says he is exploring whether activating the frowning muscle between the eyebrows, known as the corrugator, is associated with activity in the amygdala, the part of the brain that processes emotions such as fear.
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