Based on a survey conducted in 2007 and 2008, researchers at NanjingAgriculturalUniversity estimated that roughly 10% of the country's rice supplies contained excessive levels of the poisonous metal.
According to 2011 research at NanjingAgriculturalUniversity, roughly 10% of all rice sold in China is tainted by cadmium, the result of use of industrial wastewater for irrigation, dumping of industrial waste and overapplication of fertilizer.