Rather than eliminate nitrogen oxide via a bulky chemical treatment system that even the EPA questioned initially, EGR would make the motor do all the work by piping exhaust gas back into the cylinders and burning it again a cleaner, cheaper, lower-maintenance solution, which would set Navistar ahead of the pack.

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Every day four waste treatment plants feed more than 250 million gallons of nitrogen filled wastewater into the bay, a massive expanse of 20, 000 acres of water sitting where Brooklyn and Queens meet at their southernmost point.

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Also, to comply with prevailing U.S. emissions standards on nitrogen oxides, or NOx, these big diesels require fairly complicated systems of postcombustion treatment with a water-based urea solution, called AdBlue.

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For decades, discharges by wastewater treatment plants and land runoff have led to excessive levels of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus in Long Island Sound.

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