By 1932, however, there was observational data indicating that indeed the universe was expanding.
Based on observational data of solar storms, the radiation belts, and the plasmasphere during past years, the authors were able to successfully model the Halloween solar storm.
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" Still, it's hard to understand how Hawking knows the things exist if, as Ferguson notes, "there are no experimental or observational data to support this theory.
Further loss of Arctic ice will see radiation absorbed by darker seawater and snow-free land, potentially warming the Earth's climate at an even faster rate than current observational data indicates.
Nissen has said that observational data needs to be in the safety equation, but also favors big trials--he is conducting one, paid for by Pfizer, that will compare the heart safety of Celebrex, naproxen, and ibuprofen.
There is no way that anyone could conclude from observational data or mathematical theory, that the 204 billion atom molecular database, the human DNA molecule could come about by any means but intentional , highly technical, design.
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Instead of relying only on the literature, we can and should develop and utilize computational methods to reverse engineer disease pathways from observational data, followed by simulated therapeutic interventions that will guide real treatments (see Figure 1 here).
Less reliable are observational studies--where data is collected after the fact from people who decided to take a pill.
Much of the data is from observational studies which are subject to many biases, and there is the challenge of isolating and quantifying environmental exposure.
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Their observational study was conducted with data from asymptomatic patients with a history of PCI or CABG who were referred for ExE at the Cleveland Clinic from January 2000 through November 2010.
Using publicly available data Reynard researchers will carry out observational studies to establish "baseline normative behaviors".
The data from both less-reliable observational studies and clinical trials was conflicting, and Merck began three big cancer prevention studies that could also assess any risk Vioxx caused to the heart.
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