In women there are more oestrogen receptors and in men more androgen receptors present.
However, surprisingly, when they gave the male mice oestrogen the damage was even worse.
Genistein is an isoflavone, a plant-based chemical that mimics the effects of oestrogen in the body.
Women are driven to a lesser degree by a mixture of testosterone and oestrogen, he explains.
The European Union is particularly concerned by a naturally occurring oestrogen known as oestradiol.
Until now, treatment has included vaginal lubricants and therapy with the female sex hormone oestrogen.
It combines a drug called deslorelin with very small amounts of oestrogen and testosterone.
Dr Simpkins, however, thinks an oestrogen-led approach could bring hope for men as well.
Tamoxifen blocks the female sex hormone oestrogen that fuels the growth of some breast tumours.
BBC: Scientists find why tamoxifen fails some breast cancers
Half were given oestrogen therapy and the others were given a placebo, for two years.
Even three hours later, oestrogen was still able to save up to 40% of the cells.
There was a risk of oestrogen treatment causing more harm than good, the association added.
The issues relate to an oestrogen receptor test, which detects whether patients would benefit from hormone treatment.
Like tamoxifen, this drug blocks the action of oestrogen, but it tends to have fewer side effects.
When these female mice were given extra oestrogen they got back their natural protection against PD as well.
The preferred treatment is injections of a drug, LHRHa, which reduces the production of both oestrogen and testosterone.
In the past, studies have shown that taking oestrogen can also increase a woman's risk of endometrial cancer.
But he warned that much more research was needed before anyone afflicted with stroke was treated with oestrogen.
Research has shown that oestrogen plays a role in regulating several systems in the body connected to Alzheimer's disease.
However, taking oral oestrogen pills caused significant health problems by overdosing the liver.
Isoflavone is a major class of phytoestrogens, naturally occurring chemicals that mimic the effect of the human hormone oestrogen.
Hormone treatment: Some breast cancers may be sensitive to hormones - eg oestrogen.
The women in the study were not taking progesterone along with the oestrogen.
Much of this effect is thought to be due to the oestrogen component.
Her chosen poison was oestrogen, one of the hormones that make women women and help to control the menstrual cycle.
During pregnancy oestrogen and progesterone levels rise to support the growing baby and to prevent a women's body from rejecting it.
This drug, the first orally absorbable synthetic oestrogen, was given to pregnant women in the 1950s to help them avoid miscarriage.
In the study, the rats were given 20 times the amount of oestrogen that would normally have been in their bodies.
It said that other studies had found oestrogen to cause thrombosis and strokes, in the same way as older-style contraceptive pills.
It could be that screening is detecting more oestrogen-receptor positive cancers because they are slow-growing and may be detected before symptoms appear.
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