Although Koop eventually won wide respect with his blend of old-fashioned values, pragmatism and empathy, his nomination met staunch opposition.

WSJ: Koop, who transformed surgeon general post, dies

Although Koop eventually won wide respect with his blend of old-fashioned values, pragmatism and empathy, his nomination in 1981 met a wall of opposition from women's groups and liberal politicians.

WSJ: C. Everett Koop, ex-surgeon general, dies in NH

It appears to be the dominance of pragmatism over principle, and old-style back-room bargaining over more accountable, albeit potentially slower-moving, politics.

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This could lead to a prolonged clash with Mr Rafsanjani, who retains powerful support within the clerical establishment, leading some to describe the schism within the establishment as a struggle between the newer, more radical leadership of the security forces, backed by Mr Khamenei, and the old revolutionary elite, whose fervour has waned in favour of pragmatism.

ECONOMIST: Iran's election

For others, "pragmatism" became a winning message to facilitate the re-establishment of old dogmas.

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