Within the olfactory bulb, each smell produced a different pattern of electrical activity.

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With time, neuroscience research uncovered two parts of the brain that evidence neurogenesis: the hippocampus, associated with memory formation, and the olfactory bulb, associated with the sense of smell.

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After cracking the code, Buck set out to trace the way connections extend from the olfactory bulb into the olfactory cortex, the part of the brain that processes odor signals.

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Each neuron has a long fiber, or axon, that stretches upward through a tiny opening in the bone above it and into the olfactory bulb, a plum-size mass in the front of the brain, behind the forehead.

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