Since the end of the second world war, tattoo-wearers have mostly faced social though not official ostracism.

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My fear of ostracism by my peers outweighed my sense of justice.

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One of Muhammad VI's first acts after succeeding his father seven years ago was to end that ostracism with a long state visit to the Rif.

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As Mr Toledo's supporters took to the streets, foreign governments, led by the United States, warned Mr Fujimori that unless a second round were held, Peru could face international ostracism.

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Researchers in the present study analyzed survey responses from 215 employees of Chinese oil and gas companies, first to establish whether a strong correlation exists between workplace ostracism and increased psychological stress.

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But ostracism means that building governing coalitions is becoming ever harder, while confirming the Blok in its ways, and in its criticism of the political establishment as a cosy, self-serving and corrupt monopoly.

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The episode is the start of a chaotic 20 years of mania interspersed with debilitating depression, ostracism, poor decision-making, hospitalisation, joblessness, homelessness and, cruellest of all, having her three children taken into care.

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But using anonymity to shield the powerless from oppression and ostracism is vastly different from letting faceless attackers run amok without fear of the reprisals and penalties that would punish them in the real world.

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Research shows that even partial ostracism is quickly detected, and that lacking information that others in your group seem to have undermines not one but four fundamental human needs: the need for belonging and connection to others, self-esteem, the need for a sense of control and effectiveness, and the need for meaningful work.

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