Future versions, they believe, should also be able to cope with pollutants that do not contain carbon, such as oxides of nitrogen.
Ms. PATTON: The Four Corners Power Plant and the Navajo Generating Station collectively discharge some 77, 000 tons of smog and haze-forming oxides of nitrogen each year, and that is comparable to the amount of pollution that would be discharged from some 80 million motor vehicles.
Natural gas power emits merely 20% of the carbon monoxide of coal power, 20% of the nitrogen oxides of coal power, less than 1% of the sulfur dioxide of coal power, less than 1% of the particulate matter of coal power and less than 1% of the mercury of coal power.
With engines switched off, approximately 1, 000 pounds of nitrogen oxides emissions, 165 pounds of sulfur oxides, and 30 pounds of particulate matter are eliminated in a 24-hour port call.
They promise lower emissions of nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, particulate matter, and carbon dioxide (CO2).
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Professor Kyrtatos believes ships' engines could be adapted to meet impending legislation which, he predicted, would require emissions of nitrogen oxides from ship exhausts to be cut by 30% by the year 2007.
More stringent engine standards were already set to take effect three years hence, and the EPA was now requiring at least a 90% reduction in the amount of nitrogen oxides and soot emanating from diesel engines.
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Nitrogen is separated from oxygen before combustion, thereby reducing the volume of exhaust gas and making the exhaust easier to treat by preventing the formation of polluting nitrogen oxides.
The combined effect of charging and improved vehicle technology, notably cleaner-burning diesel engines that are being used in more buses and taxis, has led to an overall reduction of 13% in nitrogen oxides and 12% in PM10 via vehicle tailpipe emissions in the charging zone.
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) estimates idling trucks consume nearly one gallon of fuel per hour, while emitting nitrogen oxides and particulates, which contribute to smog.
It must implement regulations that capture the environmental benefits of nuclear, such as low emissions of carbon dioxide as well as nitrogen and sulfur oxides.
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Automakers already strip lots of other pollutants from cars, such as the nitrogen oxides that contribute to smog, and carbon monoxide, which is poisonous.
Also, to comply with prevailing U.S. emissions standards on nitrogen oxides, or NOx, these big diesels require fairly complicated systems of postcombustion treatment with a water-based urea solution, called AdBlue.
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