The review concluded that the family's history was characterised by "neglectful parenting interspersed with periods of adequate parental care".
There are such animals, in fact, but not many (only about 1% of mammals show any male parental care at all).
The acid test, however, was to gather data from species where the main burden of parental care falls on the male.
"2, 000 hospital beds a night are in terms of alcohol related causes, one in 11 kids tell us they are impacted by parental drinking, one in seven kids are in care because of parental drinking, " she said.
So he may be tempted to cut spending on day care and parental leave.
In that case the parental right to guide the care of their children prevails.
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Both subsidised day care and the parental-leave programme, which allows parents to take almost a year off at up to three-quarters of their salary, have been popular beyond the government's wildest projections.
Because humans have such long childhoods, and are so dependent on parental (particularly maternal) care during that period, a woman who kept reproducing until she died would leave a lot of unviable orphans behind her.
Two income families are becoming the norm, and parental responsibilities are increasingly shuffled over to schools or day-care centres.
Planned Parenthood has been and is under congressional and criminal investigation (by attorneys general, local prosecutors and various regulatory agencies in Arizona, Indiana, Alabama, Kansas and Texas) for allegations including failure to report criminal child sex abuse, misuse of health-care and family-planning funds, and failure to comply with parental-involvement laws regarding abortions.
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They looked at parental leave, the protection of part-time work, and public spending on child care.
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Technology must be implemented as part of a thoughtful, holistic approach to education transformation that includes teacher training, relevant curricula, parental involvement and programs for children that fill unmet needs for basics like nutrition and health care.
Extensive research in 16 OECD countries has shown that there is a strong correlation between high female employment rates and large government cash transfers to families, generous replacement pay during parental leave, the availability of plenty of part-time work and lots of formal child care.
An Oxford study of parental time diaries found that in 1975 mothers spent 1 to 2.5 hours a week on child care.
The boys had been removed from the care of the Florida couple last year, and on April 2, the couple's parental rights were terminated in Louisiana, investigators say.
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