One of the intriguing discoveries of 2011 came the giant particle accelerator in Switzerland.
They can be introduced with a particle accelerator, which can be turned off if danger threatens.
And the team that found it believes the vast, bizarre structure could be some form of cosmic particle accelerator.
When a meson and an anti-meson of any description are created in a particle accelerator, they normally fly off in opposite directions.
Watching football's mad genius, Bill Belichick, try to think his way around San Francisco's ball-hawking beasts would have been the football equivalent of a particle accelerator.
Searches for dark matter are also being carried out at CERN using the Large Hadron Collider, the world's largest and most powerful particle accelerator, and other laboratories.
CNN: Space station detector gives first clues to 'dark matter'
Using a particle accelerator, he demonstrated that cosmic rays colliding with molecules in the atmosphere can, in fact, cause gaseous water vapor to condense into cloud-forming droplets.
The result is the social-science equivalent of a particle accelerator or a space-based telescope, says Robert Willis, a University of Michigan economics professor and the survey's principal investigator.
The Large Hadron Collider, the huge particle accelerator in Switzerland which was switched on this week (see article), is a grand project that could yield all sorts of discoveries.
Few of the tourists strolling around the museum grounds realise that beneath them are 60 scientists, a particle accelerator and a battery of research equipment dedicated to soliciting secrets from the vast collections of French museums.
The consensus among physicists is that particles began massless and got their mass subsequently from something known as the Higgs field the search for which was one reason for building the Large Hadron Collider, a huge and powerful particle accelerator located near Geneva.
The Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the world's biggest particle accelerator, uses a staggering 1, 200 tonnes of superconducting wire, similar to the sort used in MRI, in order to speed protons up to within a whisker of the speed of light and to collide them inside vast detectors, themselves stuffed with several hundred tonnes of superconducting materials.
Professor Egil Lillestol of Bergen University has been pushing thorium for some years now, and thinks that Norway should set the trend in building a prototype accelerator-driven reactor in which a massive particle accelerator converts thorium-232 to uranium-233 by irradiating it with slow (spallation) neutrons generated by the impact of a 1.6 GeV proton beam on a lead target.
By 1968 he had concluded that they could be kept in order by stochastic (ie, random) cooling: identifying a wayward particle on one side of the accelerator ring, sending a signal directly across to the other end, and tweaking the magnetic field to nudge the oncoming errant particle back into the beam.
The old linear accelerator at Stanford was repurposed, turning it from the machine that co-discovered a particle known as the charm quark (thus winning its operators a Nobel prize) into a factory for making particles called B mesons.
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