This is the bottom billion you hear Oxford university world poverty scholar Paul Collier and others talking about.

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Paul Collier, an economist at Oxford University who has advised Haiti's government, says it and the UN should do something similar.

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Paul Collier, an Oxford professor, has asserted that democracy in the absence of other desirables, like the rule of law, can hobble a country's progress.

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Biometric technology is even available for use at home in the form of inexpensive computer login products, according to Paul Collier of biometrics leader Identix.

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The author, Paul Collier, comes from a traditional aid background but has faced honestly the reality of kleptocracies and worse that bedevil the best of intentions.

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Yet there is now a strong body of evidence, led by the research of David Dollar, Craig Burnside and Paul Collier, all economists at the World Bank, that aid does boost growth when countries have reasonable economic policies.

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Furthermore, lest anyone simplistically respond that Africans just emerging from conflicts need peacebuilding, not the accoutrements of armed security, it is worth recalling that acclaimed development economist Paul Collier and his colleague Anke Hoeffler found in their study on Military Expenditure in Post-Conflict Society that in the first five years after a peace agreement a given country's estimated risk of renewed conflict is about 44 percent.

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