In December, a natural-gas pipeline to Iran was opened, the first Turkmen gas-export pipeline to bypass Russia.
LNG, which is much more tradeable and mobile than pipeline-delivered gas, is set dramatically to change the equilibrium of the gas market.
Shell also controls Tejas, an American gas-pipeline firm, and Coral, which is the fifth-largest gas marketer in North America.
At a high temperature and pressure, gasification converts coal, or other carbon fuels, into synthesis gas that is either burned in a turbine to produce electricity, as in Summit's case, or turned into other products, like diesel oil, fertilizer and pipeline-quality natural gas.
The "silos" are actually smokestacks for the two 6, 130-horsepower natural gas-powered compressors that will take gas from a 30-inch pipeline and send it at a higher velocity into a 24-inch one.
Having managed her state's department responsible for oil and gas exploration and exploitation, having negotiated a long-delayed natural gas pipeline through Canada to the Lower 48 and having been married for nearly two decades to a blue-collar worker in Alaska's North Slope oil fields, she knows more about the subject than all three of the others on the two parties' tickets put together.
Bridas was involved in the Trans-Afghanistan Gas Pipeline, with CEO Carlos Bulgheroni personally negotiating deals with the Taliban in the mid-nineties.
It could be another natural-gas pipeline or an electric utility, in the U.S. or outside.
The provisions on oil drilling in Alaska are probably too controversial to pass, but support for a natural-gas pipeline may be thrown in as a sop to the state instead.
But, even as Palin enjoyed populist acclaim for her grand gestures sharing the wealth and standing up to Big Oil it was far from certain that the natural-gas pipeline, which she claimed as her proudest accomplishment, would ever get built.
Sectarian violence between Myanmar's majority Buddhists and minority Muslims has spread to the country's northeast, with mob setting a Muslim orphanage, a mosque and homes ablaze in the town of Lashio, near a major oil-and-gas pipeline to China, witnesses and officials reported.
In fact, she refused requests to put abortion bills on the agenda during a special legislative session this summer, preferring to discuss the natural-gas pipeline, which she pursued in such a bipartisan manner that she ultimately won more solid support for it from Democrats than from Republicans.
The products it sells are used by oil- and gas-drilling companies, pipeline companies, refineries and other energy-sector firms.
America's oil pipelines are largely unfettered by the rigid regulations that govern gas-pipeline tariffs.
Some compare the Mistral deal to Nord Stream, a controversial planned Russian-German gas pipeline.
Instability in Afghanistan and the West's distrust of Iran make foreign investment in a southern or south-eastern gas pipeline unlikely.
Its roots date back to the Stalin era, when the government built a 525-mile pipeline to bring gas from Saratov in the south to Moscow.
CMS's Consumers Energy unit has 626 miles of cast- and wrought-iron pipeline in its gas system, or about 2.4 percent of the utility's total distribution system.
It would be no mean feat given it would span around 3, 000km across Russia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia and into China, hooking up with the West-East gas pipeline in the Xinjiang region.
China recently completed a 1, 100-mile gas pipeline to connect its factories and power plants to the vast gas reserves of Central Asia, part of China's stiff competition with Europe over a key energy source.
Sempra contracted with Mexico's electricity monopoly to overhaul the plant to run on clean-burning gas delivered by a 23-mile pipeline it built from the border.
If an agreeable-seeming Gazprom, along with increased bullishness about LNG and shale gas, were to dampen European enthusiasm for Nabucco, a long-planned pipeline which might bring 30bcm of gas a year to Europe from the Caspian and the Middle East, that would suit Russia pretty well.
ECONOMIST: Shale gas should make the world a cleaner, safer place
And when that deal was struck, we began a nearly 40 billion-dollar natural gas pipeline to help lead America to energy independence.
In September 2008, a high-pressure natural gas pipeline operated by BP ruptured, sending two segments of pipe flying 900 feet across the tundra.
It is the use - or misuse - of the gas pipeline that flows between the UK and Belgium that raises most suspicions of market abuse.
Also on the agenda for the two-day meeting are a proposed continental bank, to rival institutions like the International Monetary Fund, and plans to build a 5, 000-mile natural gas pipeline between Venezuela and Colombia.
Separately, in August, Alaska Gov. Sarah Palin, the former GOP vice presidential candidate, signed a bill allowing TransCanada Alaska to build a 1, 715-mile natural gas pipeline from the North Slope's Prudhoe Bay to Alberta, Canada.
Rather, the near-crisis was over the wisdom of Western nations subsidizing construction of a huge, two-strand Soviet gas pipeline that would, when completed, greatly increase the dependency of a number of NATO countries on Moscow's natural gas supplies in the late 1990s and 21st century.
Like Moscow's two-strand Siberian gas pipeline deal in the early 1980's, the Cienfuegos complex is an unprecedented "national project" with potentially decisive implications for the country's long-term energy viability, hard currency earnings structure, attraction of other foreign direct investment, access to international financial institutions and, of course, nationalistic pride.
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