Paul Kennedy, a Harvard historian, in Preparing for the Twenty-First Century published in 1994, summarized differently the situation of the Muslim world.

CENTERFORSECURITYPOLICY: barzun

Kennedy, Preparing for the Twenty-first Century (Toronto: HarperPerennial, 1994) p. 208.

CENTERFORSECURITYPOLICY: barzun

Far from preparing for the twenty-first century, much of the Arab and Muslim world appears to have difficulty in coming to terms with the nineteenth century, with its composite legacy of secularization, democracy, laissez faire economics, transnational industrial and commercial linkages, social change, and intellectual questioning.

CENTERFORSECURITYPOLICY: Center For Security Policy