She said taking privacy of the individual into consideration was also a key area of research.
Ms Morton says the case illustrates how anything done in one's own home would probably be upheld by the court as within the privacy of the individual.
But Shibboleth handles all the identification and authentication of users in between the school and the database, thus reducing the complexity of management and protecting the privacy of individual users.
Luckow herself is torn between the need for strict laws to protect the privacy and individual liberties of the mentally ill and the need to bring them under medical care, even if that is against their will.
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In this brave new world of transparent data, the dilemma about where to draw the line between respecting the privacy of individual drivers and punishing law breakers is complex.
Friday, in an interview with CNN's Larry King Live, Ashcroft insisted that the new regulations for domestic surveillance will not mean that the FBI will invade the privacy of individual Americans.
"The collection and use of data by government and the private sector, the balancing of individual rights and liberties against privacy and security and the issue of how to tackle social exclusion, will be affected by these trends, " he said.
One of the most hotly debated of all individual rights is the right to privacy.
"These rules that we think of as privacy rules are not only for the sake of the individual, " Ms. Nissenbaum argues.
As it does so, it will find itself grappling with a number of thorny issues that include constraints on wireless connectivity, concerns about individual privacy and worries about the environmental impact of all those billions of gadgets and gizmos.
ECONOMIST: Smart thinking is needed about smart gadgets�� influence
Civil liberties advocates and many companies resolutely oppose the plan, saying it is unworkable, an infringement on individual privacy and destined to stunt the growth of electronic commerce.
Privacy means that the individual may choose to whom to reveal the details of her inner life.
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They will also need to monitor closely the impact that new kinds of devices have on individual privacy.
ECONOMIST: Smart thinking is needed about smart gadgets�� influence
The IRS doesn't confirm individual awards out of concern for taxpayer privacy, and won't release data on large awards such as this one until next summer.
As an employee and as an individual, you should use all privacy protections the internet and its services will afford you in terms of privacy protection on the information people can readily find.
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