This is a shift from 20th century production centered economics of profit maximisation toward 21st century people-centered local economies.

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So profit maximisation does have to be tempered by a knowledge of what the consumers will think fair or unfair.

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This would surely weaken the finances of Shinsei, which has been trying to introduce the alien concept of profit maximisation into Japanese banking, and could scare off other foreign investors.

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Although for developers like Urban Splash or the Environment Trust, or similar private, trust or charity based organisations, there is the scope to listen to residents, for most large developers, their overriding concern is to their shareholders whose interests (profit maximisation) are opposite to those of local residents (community focus, low energy-cost housing, etc.).

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Most importantly, the advent of the blockbuster drugs on which Big Pharma relies also ushered in an era in which the focus shifted to profit-maximisation through heavy marketing, sometimes at the expense of scientific inquiry.

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