AstraZeneca is in midstage trials with 180 melanoma patients for a drug that hits a related target called mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase.

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The compound targeted the protein kinase C-alpha, one of a family of 13 known proteins that relay information from one to another.

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AstraZeneca (nyse: AZN - news - people ) is in midstage trials with 180 melanoma patients for a drug that hits a related target called mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase.

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Peroxynitrites contribute to the hyperphosphorylation of tau proteins by oxidating g-protein coupled receptors and trysoine kinase receptors preventing protein kinase C and AKT from inactivating the enzyme GSK3 which is necessary to prevent the hyperphosphorylation of tau proteins.

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Professor Seth Grant, an expert in the molecular mechanism of learning and memory at Edinburgh University, told BBC News Online that PKM was a particular version of an enzyme called protein kinase C (PKC) that had long been implicated in learning.

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Protein-kinase genes, whose products are involved in intracellular signalling, are similarly concentrated on chromosome 1.

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The researchers tripled the number of protein-kinase genes known from this chromosome.

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In the mid-1990s Vertex chemists crafted compounds that block a key kinase protein that unleashes toxic immune-system molecules in arthritic joints.

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The clincher: Once a prototype drug works against one kinase, Vertex figures it can easily tweak the compound to inhibit other siblings in the kinase family--and then attack other protein groups, as well.

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