It has become clear that Mrs Merkel, a doctor of physics who worked in quantum chemistry, is pretty sharp, as well as tenacious and tough.

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Commercially available quantum chemistry software could calculate the frequency.

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These fields include areas of nanotechnology, where the categories of physics, chemistry and biology overlap and collapse on each other so as to create new kinds of science, and quantum mechanics, where experimental outcomes are usually seen only in blackboard-based probability formulas.

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