He called on big vendors and asked to defer payment on more stock until he could raise fresh capital.

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In Canada the trusts can raise fresh capital to expand energy holdings and theoretically keep rolling into the big-dividend future.

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Banks that must increase their ratios can only do so in one of two ways: raise fresh capital or shrink the size of their asset base.

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When a firm's bonds are rated as "junk" it means some institutions may no longer invest in them, making it harder for them to raise fresh capital.

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This would make it harder for companies to raise fresh capital, and so lead to a sharp reduction in the corporate investment that has been driving America's recent economic boom.

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This will make it more expensive for the bank to raise fresh capital and is bad news for an investment house that is the largest participant in America's market for derivatives.

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