With the extent of damage to the above-ground systems yet to be understood by Cliffs, the raw coal which is mined will be stockpiled at the mine-site.
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But America has two things going for it: An astounding abundance of all the raw resources, coal, gas, grains and grass, and an equally astounding abundance of research talent in universities and entrepreneurial firms.
Countries such as Australia and Indonesia have fed China's growing appetite for commodities and raw materials such as coal, iron ore and palm oil.
South Africa's exports to China have more than doubled in five years, and increasingly they are raw materials such as coal and gold, not manufactures.
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Serious economic dislocations are emerging due to a 30-percent rate of inflation, a nationwide cash squeeze, shortages in foreign exchange and raw materials (particularly coal), and massive corruption.
Iron, coal, limestone and other raw materials went in one end and finished automobiles came out the other.
Vast ship-borne imports of iron ore, coal and bauxite make up other raw ingredients for Chinese growth.
If emerging markets recover next year, the gutsy play is in raw materials, namely copper, iron ore and coal.
Raw materials plays like copper, iron ore, even coal are suspect unless commodity quotes hold at currently extended levels.
In the 19th century, the British set up a factory in Dundee, Scotland, to process raw jute into yarn before weaving it into bags for storing coal and other commodities.
In the days ahead, our train will pass a succession of monstrous eastbound freight services, groaning with raw materials: Albertan oil and yellow sulphur, British Columbian coal and lumber, but mostly grain from the prairies.
Not only has China imported increasing quantities of coal and metals from Australia, but its appetite for raw materials has sharply pushed up global commodity prices.
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