It is legal for police officers to do this, as long as there is reasonable suspicion.
Mr Attwood also wants to give police powers to randomly stop drivers without the need for reasonable suspicion.
"We believe reasonable suspicion existed to seize the cell phone, and to transcribe the information in the cell phone, " he says.
Judge Moshe Sobel also ruled that there was no "reasonable suspicion" that the women had broken any laws relating to holy sites.
It's a very ambiguous term that New Jersey has almost outlawed as a reason for a reasonable suspicion or a reasonable stop.
It's done in every city, as long as there is reasonable suspicion.
The plaintiffs also plan to call as witnesses 12 men and women they say were stopped and questioned without proper reasonable suspicion.
WSJ: Stop-and-Frisk Trial Begins Over New York Police Department Policy
Mere guesses or inarticulate 'hunches' are not enough to constitute reasonable suspicion.
To reduce public hostility, the Boston police subsequently required officers to have a reasonable suspicion before stopping a suspect, and to record every search.
The government appealed the case to a three-judge panel of the Ninth Circuit, which reversed the trial court's decision, holding that reasonable suspicion wasn't required.
Federal immigration officials usually have a lesser standard: reasonable suspicion.
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In the 127 years since the Supreme Court first recognized the border-search exception, it has required a showing of reasonable suspicion for a border search in only one case.
The city defends the tactic, which allows officers to stop, question and sometimes frisk people on the street when there is reasonable suspicion of a crime, as a successful crime-fighting tool.
If so, to the extent that these devices have more storage capacity than a wallet, are people who carry them entitled to something more than no suspicion, but less than reasonable suspicion?
But how police will apply the law -- requiring immigration checks while enforcing other laws if "reasonable suspicion" of illegal immigration exists -- is "confusing, " CNN senior legal analyst Jeffrey Toobin said.
The Home Office's extradition review, led by former Court of Appeal judge Sir Scott Baker, argued there was no real difference between the US tests of "probable cause" and the introduction of "reasonable suspicion".
On Tuesday, Judge Shira Scheindlin granted a preliminary injunction ordering police "immediately to cease performing trespass stops" without reasonable suspicion outside of Bronx buildings participating in "Operation Clean Halls, " a longstanding NYPD anti-trespassing program.
So I can announce today that we are going to give the police the discretion to remove face coverings under any circumstances where there is reasonable suspicion that they are related to criminal activity.
Plaintiffs' lawyers argued that the notion of furtive movements, a bulge in a pocket was used as a proxy for reasonable suspicion, that less than two percent of the stops uncovered any weapons or contraband1.
There is a higher threshold for the imposition of a TPIM (reasonable belief that the individual is or has been involved in terrorism-related activity) than existed with control orders (reasonable suspicion of involvement in such activity).
Salmeron also testified that she's received considerable training on the tactic of stop, question and frisk and understands that she must have reasonable suspicion that a person is engaging in illegal activity before she stops him or her.
Ohio, which held that a police officer is allowed to stop, question and frisk a person on the street if the officer has "reasonable suspicion" that the person has committed, is committing, or is about to commit a crime.
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What this comes down to is proving to the courts that there is reasonable suspicion - essentially the hurdle police need to jump to justify an arrest - but obviously short of what is necessary to get a conviction.
Now, the requirement that a police officer must determine the immigration status of an individual who they have a "reasonable suspicion" is in the country illegally extends to those instances where police respond to something as minor as city ordinance violations.
"If Mr Catt were to establish that the police couldn't keep information on people - even if they had what they would say was a reasonable suspicion about those people - it would make the job of the police more difficult, " he said.
While I don't believe Arizona's policy was based on anything other than trying to get a handle on our broken borders, I think aspects of the law, especially that dealing with 'reasonable suspicion, ' are going to put our law enforcement officers in an incredibly difficult position.
"We will look (starting Monday) at who their clients are and, as a consequence, we will see what products will have to be taken off the market because there is a reasonable suspicion that these products are composed of horse meat and not beef, " said France's junior minister for the social economy, Benoit Hamon.
Reasonable suspicion requires 'articulable' facts which, taken together with rational inferences, reasonably warrant a determination that an individual is known or suspected to be or has been engaged in conduct constituting, in preparation for, in aid of or related to terrorism and terrorist activities, and is based on the totality of the circumstances.
"We are not seeking damages, we're not seeking individual compensation for the class members, we're seeking a broad citywide injunction" against police stops that lack "reasonable, articulable suspicion, " said Darius Charney, the center's lead attorney.
WSJ: Stop-and-Frisk Trial Begins Over New York Police Department Policy
At first, many partners will regard this strategy with suspicion, which is a reasonable response.
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