The typical Belgian worker's pension income is 46% of income just before retirement the so-called "replacement ratio, " an important measure of pension system finances.
The replacementratio needs to be higher than average for the least well paid, who spend proportionately more on essentials such as food, fuel and shelter.
Whether or not people can expect a comfortable retirement depends on the replacement ratio the proportion of their lifetime average earnings that their pension will pay out.
The net result: Most people end up targeting about 70% to 80% of their pre-retirement income, which basically represents 100% of their pre-retirement spending (in fact, this is where the "replacement ratio" approach to determining retirement income originated).
And there is Tobin's q, a ratio of the stockmarket value to the replacement cost of its tangible assets an attempt to measure what it would cost to recreate a company from scratch.