When temperatures plunge, the water freezes, expands and causes the road surface to rupture.
Sometimes the crew needs to dig out the damaged road surface before filling begins.
Work had to be halted when the bones were discovered 2m (6ft 6in) beneath the road surface.
Potholes develop after water that seeps beneath the road surface freezes, which then loosens the road surface.
Engineers have now said it cannot carry traffic due to the "potential instability of the road surface".
Flooding in July, November and December inundated a number of homes and businesses and damaged the road surface.
Mr Coates Smith believes the new road surface, made almost entirely of rubber, will not suffer the same problems.
BBC: NEWS | Science/Nature | Rubber highway to beat congestion
In Cornwall, the A39 at Perranarworthal is closed in both directions because of flooding and a poor road surface.
The driver also faces the costs of recovering and repairing the trailer which damaged the road surface when it broke free.
BBC: Lorry driver fined after trailer breaks loose on Essex road
Soon after opening, the bypass had to be closed temporarily for resurfacing, when the road surface was damaged by a sudden frost.
Although it has reopened, some parts of the road surface were reported to be in a poor condition, BBC Travel said.
The council said surface water made existing potholes worse because the water washed away loose particles of road surface whenever vehicles passed over them.
They are calling on the Highways Agency to install a new road surface and improve the sound barrier to help reduce the levels of noise.
In another scheme to resurface the main route for vehicles in the square, sub-contractors are having to relay the road surface after problems were identified.
BBC: Caernarfon Castle Square parking ban for many motorists
United Utilities said it was hampered by "the sheer volume of water and by the amount of damage that was caused to the road surface".
He said he had identified holes and road surface cracks mainly where service companies had dug up roads to fix or lay pipes and cabling.
Forth Road Bridge managers have said they are "optimistic" no lasting damage was done to its road surface following a lorry spill of hydraulic fluid.
When the bitumen bonds break down, so does the road surface.
An estimated 100-150 tons of debris was spread across the road and torrential rainfall blocked the drainage system, causing severe flooding on the road surface.
There was no mechanical defect to explain the tragedy, but the inquest heard that the road surface was worn and was resurfaced a few weeks after the accident.
The Highways Agency has put up a sign warning drivers about the pitted and broken road surface on the southbound carriageway, just after junction 23 at Bridgwater North.
What the problems were then finally became clear on Monday, when part of the road surface on both lifting leaves fell off overnight when the bridge was raised.
Torque vectoring enables optimum use of the adhesion potential between the tyres and the road surface in all driving conditions, thereby extending the critical limits of the vehicle's driving dynamics.
ENGADGET: Visualized: Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG E-Cell bares all
The other four options include variations on replacing the road surface with asphalt, raising the kerbs, the installation of guard rails and the restoration of two lanes of traffic each way.
Admitting that it was a borderline decision, Birkenshaw took into account some poor batting and the fact that the Nevil Road surface played better as the game progressed on day two.
It is made from a blend of crushed rock, rubber and polyurethane, a synthetic plastic that replaces bitumen as the binding agent and allows even bigger pores in the road surface.
ECONOMIST: Quieter traffic: When the rubber hits the road | The
Costs include employing bailiffs and removal equipment, keeping items in safe storage and "scraping off" hard materials laid down as road surface in order to restore the land to its original state.
He said the costs would include employing bailiffs and removal equipment, keeping items in safe storage and "scraping off" hard materials laid down as road surface in order to restore the land to its original state.
"For example, even on a road surface with minor ridges or furrows, the driver no longer has to grip the steering wheel tightly and make detailed adjustments, so travelling on the intended path becomes easier, " it said in a statement.
应用推荐