After an exhaustive review, the USDA gave Roundup Ready Alfalfa the green light in 2005.
Monsanto sued him for infringing its Roundup Ready patents by using, without authorization, second-generation seeds embedded with its technology.
The justices unanimously found the world's largest seed producer has intellectual property control over its best-selling "Roundup Ready" soybeans.
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Accordingly, APHIS approved Roundup Ready beets for marketing and distribution in March 2005.
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Geertson Seed Farms, a federal court agreed with CFS, prohibiting Monsanto from selling Roundup Ready Alfalfa pending yet another assessment.
U.S. farmers paid more for high quality Genuity reduced refuge corn and Roundup ready 2 yield soybean seeds as global food prices hit historic highs.
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Its Roundup Ready variety is used to grow about 90 percent of the nation's crop for the estimated 275, 000 American soybean farmers like Bowman, according to its petition.
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Roundup Ready herbicides and nitrogen fertilizers replaced manure and compost.
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The use of Roundup Ready beets allows farmers to apply Roundup to their entire field of beet crops, rather than more expensive and less environmentally friendly herbicides that must be applied more frequently.
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After years of field testing, APHIS conducted an environmental assessment (EA) under the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), and determined that Roundup Ready beets would not have a significant impact on the environment.
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Monsanto, according to its petition, dominates the soybean seed market and its "Roundup Ready" variety is used to grow about 90 percent of the nation's crop for the estimated 275, 000 American soybean farmers like Bowman.
The genetically engineered alfalfa and sugar beet seeds currently being withheld from growers are both "Roundup ready, " which means that the seeds have been genetically engineered to produce crops that can withstand the application of Roundup herbicide.
The next season, Bowman cleverly (as anti-Monsanto and anti-GMO activists would have it) or deviously (as Monsanto, the biotechnology industry, the US government, many universities, most patent experts and apparently SCOTUS believe) recognized that the commodity soy bean seeds sold by local grain elevators probably contained mostly Roundup Ready seeds.
With Roundup-ready soybeans, for example, a grower only needs to apply Roundup herbicide during planting, while traditional soybean seeds require application during planting and again while the crop is growing in order to achieve the same level of weed control.
Tilling, or plowing, a field prepares the soil for planting and destroys weeds, but a Roundup-ready crop doesn't require extensive tillage.
Some of the fringe activist groups opposed to genetic engineering have an anti-science, anti-technology, anti-business agenda, but given the environmental advantages of Roundup-ready seeds it's puzzling that a group like the Sierra Club, one of the co-plaintiffs in the alfalfa and sugar beet litigation, is working so hard to keep the seeds off the market.
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