And now the Arctic's upper layers are getting less dense, for several reasons: melting Arctic glaciers, rising surface-water temperatures, increased precipitation and an absence of salt concentrations resulting from sea-ice formation.

ECONOMIST: The science

Prestone uses that brand name on all manner of car care products such as car wax, battery starters, driveway ice-melting salt.

FORBES: Bleeding arm, but no bleeding heart

In experiments on dogs they have found that by pumping liters of ice-cold salt water into their arteries and cooling them down to 59 degrees they can preserve vital organs up to three hours after the heart stops.

FORBES: How to Cheat Death