What is needed is an egg with an impenetrable barrier that contains water at the right salt concentration for life.

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Xylitol lowers the salt concentration - enhancing the body's own bacteria-killing activity.

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In cystic fibrosis, this mechanism is far less effective, because the level of salt concentration in the airway surface liquid is far too high.

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In a specially built workshop, protein solutions are exposed to every conceivable range of conditions varying in such things as the acidity, salt concentration and temperature of the solution to persuade them to crystallise.

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It is the process of moving water from an area with a low concentration of dissolved material, such as salt, to a place with a high concentration, by passing through a membrane.

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