Overview: NWO is the main funder of scientific research at universities and institutes through subsidies and research programmes.

UNESCO: Global Open Access Portal

In 1981, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported the first cases of AIDS. Since that initial discovery, the U.S. government has led a global response based on scientific research sponsored by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and other U.S. government agencies.

WHITEHOUSE: Fact Sheet: The Global AIDS Epidemic

Later, after reviewing some 2, 000 research projects at major scientific institutes, he decided to focus on drugs to treat anemia.

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The seeds for this conglomeration of scientific talent were a cluster of research institutes like Salk, Burnham and Scripps, all near La Jolla, plus the University of California campus.

FORBES: Magazine Article

Research continues, but the economic and scientific consequences that India hopes for and Mr Blair fears are already showing up in research institutes and companies.

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The new money, which the research institutes have to bid for by June, will be for new buildings and scientific infrastructure.

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"The development of DSM-5 began with an unprecedented process of research evaluation that included a series of white papers and 13 scientific conferences supported by the National Institutes of Health, " wrote Dr. David Kupfer, chairman of the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, who oversees the entire DSM-5 task force, in an e-mail.

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Right now, Glaxo publishes results from its clinical trials on its own Web site and on another site run by the National Institutes of Health, and it says it tries to publish scientific papers on every study in research journals.

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