That will take at least two years and will involve sensitive local negotations over job losses and plant closures.

ECONOMIST: The steel industry

The fuel arrived at a sensitive time, following the major nuclear accident at Tokaimura nuclear plant which killed one worker and exposed hundreds to radioactive fall-out.

BBC: UK 'regret' over Japan nuclear row

Dr Hoch's team extended this idea, arguing that as a plant starts to disassemble its light-gathering apparatus in preparation for winter, its leaves become particularly sensitive to light damage.

ECONOMIST: The science of autumn