Still, he says, many of the attendees considered Ms. Swan's experiment to be "soft" science.

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In this respect, Mr Kahneman's Princeton colleagues and neuroscience-bashers may be making a mistake in bundling behavioural economics soft mind science and neuroeconomics hard biology together.

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The rule of thumb is that a 10pc rise in crude cuts US growth by 0.2pc four quarters later, but the science is flabbily soft and nobody knows where the inflexion point lies.

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In contrast to Davy, with his charisma and flair, Faraday was a gentle, soft-spoken man whose lectures always put science, rather than the scientist, at centre stage.

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The second was a tension between science and the humanities, or between hard and soft subjects.

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