Ms Bernstein cites the example of white-owned shops in South Africa under apartheid.

ECONOMIST: Schumpeter: Companies aren��t charities | The

W. de Klerk, the last president of South Africa under apartheid.

WSJ: Global Figures Pay Respects at Funeral for Margaret Thatcher in London

The first novel category sees former waitress Rachel Zadok nominated for Gem Squash Tokoloshe, about a young girl growing up during under apartheid in South Africa.

BBC: NEWS | Entertainment | Hornby on track for novel prize

Named after South Africa's first black nurse, under apartheid it used to be the blacks-only hospital.

BBC: Case Study: South Africa

Under South Africa's white-minority apartheid regime, Mandela spent 27 years in prison, where he contracted tuberculosis, before being released in 1990.

NPR: South Africa: Mandela In Hospital For Tests

Born in 1934 as Adolph Johannes Brand, Ibrahim grew up under apartheid in Cape Town, South Africa.

NPR: Abdullah Ibrahim Stays Rooted to His Homeland

Under apartheid, sanctions kept international firms out of South Africa and gave local brands easy dominance.

ECONOMIST: Free at last

It was performed in Sarajevo under siege in the 1990s, in South Africa it was seen as a critique of apartheid and in the wake of Hurricane Katrina a performance in New Orleans was seen as an emblem of the city's wait for recovery.

BBC: Why are we still waiting for Godot?