Manchurian-born Tretchikoff escaped from Soviet Russia and emigrated to South Africa after World War II.
These efforts appear to center around opposition figure Bidzina Ivanishvili, a Georgian billionaire who made his fortune in the chaos of post-Soviet Russia.
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Simple: the Cold War and the arms race with Soviet Russia.
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Berezovsky was a math professor and systems analyst who switched to more lucrative jobs in post-Soviet Russia, said CNN's Jill Dougherty, who interviewed him many times.
His broad conclusion (and the posthumously delivered verdict of Nixon) is that American policy towards post-Soviet Russia has at once been too soft and too tough.
Berezovsky began his working life as a math professor and then became a systems analyst who switched to more lucrative jobs in post-Soviet Russia, said CNN's Jill Dougherty, who interviewed him many times.
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The range of material is impressive: the chapters deal with the growth of European cities before the industrial revolution, corruption in post-Soviet Russia, privatisation in Eastern Europe, local government in the United States, and more.
The vast majority come from Russia's ex-Soviet neighbours, where living standards fell further and faster when the Soviet economy disintegrated than in Russia itself.
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At the other end of the scale are former Soviet countries: Russia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Ukraine.
The collapse of the Soviet Union deprived Russia of key ports and cut the size of its fleet.
Two decades ago the breakup of the Soviet Union left Russia's defense industry on the verge of collapse.
Indeed, no bilateral strategic arms reduction treaty with the Soviet Union or Russia has ever been ratified during a lame duck session.
Since the end of the Soviet Union, Russia has had only three presidents, including Medvedev, now up for re-election if he chooses to run.
This slight culminated in a more fundamental failure: while America was still hoping that Mr Gorbachev could reform the Soviet system, Russia and the rest were declaring independence.
In the very early days after the Soviet collapse, Russia and some of its neighbours swarmed with Western advisers, disseminating not only the basics of market economics but also the mechanics of multi-party democracy.
Russia now has 87 billionaires, more than any nation except the U.S. Sixteen years after the Soviet collapse, Russia has handily overtaken Germany, which held the number two spot for six years but hasn't produced many new billion-dollar fortunes of late.
What the Justice Department's 1996 memorandum on this issue fails to point out is that neither the United States, the Soviet Union nor Russia is a party to this 1978 convention--and that in fact 90 percent of the world's states have also refused to sign it.
Although Obama received enthusiastic applause from his audience in Prague when he announced his intention to destroy the US's nuclear arsenal, drastically scale back its missile defense programs and forge a new alliance with Russia, his words were anything but music to the ears of the leaders of former Soviet satellites threatened by Russia.
In April, almost 20 years after the Soviet Union disintegrated, Russia agreed to demarcate its land (though not its sea) border with Ukraine.
After the fall of the Soviet Union, Mr. Berezovsky built his fortune by gaining effective control of Russia's largest Soviet-era car maker, Avtovaz.
As the foreign-ministry document asserts, Russia needs to consolidate the former Soviet space by, for example, pushing the customs union between Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan.
By December 1992 Mr Gaidar had lost his job at the hands of the Duma, Russia's Soviet-era parliament.
Relations between Russia and the former Soviet Republic of Georgia have been tense for some time.
The last successful interplanetary mission for the program was in 1988 when Russia was still the Soviet Union.
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Out of 19 attempted missions, Russia and the former Soviet Union have had only a few partial successes.
He promoted his pet idea of a Eurasian union to foster economic integration with Russia's former Soviet neighbours.
Putin has worked hard these past four years to recapture positions that Russia lost when the Soviet empire disintegrated.
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Lately he has expanded his Chabad initiatives, once confined to Russia and other former Soviet republics, to the West.
According to the feds, most of the defendants were born in the former Soviet Union and regularly traveled to Russia and Ukraine.
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The Tsarnaev family's connection with Russia is complex because of the intricate patchwork of ethnicities that comprises Russia and the former Soviet Union.
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