So, while the ad intermediary space is thriving, the whole economic equation is has gained in complexity, rather than become simplified.

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These shared components reduce complexity as well as add to the reduction in energy use and space.

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Mr Brotton, a professor of Renaissance Studies at Queen Mary University of London, examines the complexity of mapmaking through the stories of 12 maps, which stretch across space and over time.

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The biotech space is the one sector where early-stage winners are difficult to find because of the complexity of the medical breakthroughs that young life-science companies are trying to achieve.

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