Verheijen, who has also studied exercise physiology and sport psychology as well as taking a one-year Science in Football course, is not without his critics.

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In 2002, professors Daniel Gould and Kristen Dieffenbach published a study in the Journal of Applied Sport Psychology which noted that Olympic champions display higher levels of specific attributes directly linked to success, in particular emotional intelligence.

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The current most popular subjects students in Jersey chose when going to university are sport, psychology, history, medicine and primary school teaching.

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"Exercisers fall asleep faster, suffer fewer middle-of-the-night wake-ups and have a reduced risk of sleep disorders, " says study co-author Brad Cardinal, co-director of the sport and exercise psychology program at Oregon State University.

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"When people run with music their rate of perceived exertion is lower than if they don't use music or other devices, " says Gershon Tenenbaum, director of the graduate program in sport and exercise psychology at Florida State University.

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The most preferred employment areas, from the perspective of teenagers, include teaching, the law, the police, psychology and sport.

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The study, scheduled to be published in the journal Psychology of Sport and Exercise, was sponsored by swimwear company Speedo International Ltd.

WSJ: Optimal Music for the Gym

Overreaching has become the new American sport, financial hubris the new market psychology.

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With unexceptional talent, Bruyneel managed to stay at the sport's highest levels with a superior grasp of strategy, planning, tactics and psychology.

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