High levels of infant and child mortality and preference for sons means that women delay sterilisation.
Even the Planning Commission admits that female sterilisation has become the mainstay of the programme.
In countries with freer banking systems than China's, sterilisation becomes increasingly costly the more reserves are bought.
They require most US employers to include access to contraception, including sterilisation, in their health insurance plans.
One local councillor infamously advocated compulsory sterilisation for benefit claimants who have had a second child or more.
The fear was that the infective prion agent of vCJD was not completely destroyed by normal sterilisation of reusable instruments.
Indira Gandhi tried something similar in the 1970s, when she called a state of emergency and introduced a forced-sterilisation programme.
Following a review, Health Facilities Scotland, who oversee the monitoring of sterilisation units, said that the instruments were safe for use on patients.
By using stringent sterilisation procedures, the researchers satisfied themselves that modern bacteria had (literally) only a billion-to-one chance of slipping into their ancient samples.
Various methods of managing the hedgehog population have been considered, including sterilisation and contraception, or capturing the animals and moving them to the mainland.
Sterilisation also sends a signal to stalwarts at the Bundesbank and elsewhere that this is not - really not at all - about printing money to finance government deficits.
The report, published in the Lancet Infectious Diseases journal, suggested the infections were caused by contaminated implants, the patient's skin or poor sterilisation and cleanliness in the surgical theatre.
Last summer the health department decreed that all new health-insurance policies should cover birth-control services for women, including the morning-after pill (which most pro-lifers consider a form of abortion) and sterilisation.
At key points, components will go through further careful cleaning with ethanol and a thorough sterilisation with hydrogen peroxide vapour which, to add to the challenges, has to kept above 15C.
She suggested women who had completed their families should consider a permanent form of birth control such as sterilisation, and those who still wanted to have a family considered using a back-up form of birth control, such as a condom, as well as the Pill.
In Dr Djerassi's future world, men and women will have their sperm and eggs frozen in their 20s and then undergo sterilisation, free to pursue their professional and sexual interests content in the knowledge that their cells can be safely resurrected and reliably made to unite in a test-tube whenever they want a child.
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