Worldwide, people treated with streptomycin, an antibiotic used to fight tuberculosis, are also often afflicted.

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They included streptomycin, tetracycline and erythromycin, antibiotics still in use today, though they easily get outflanked by resistant bacterial strains.

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Yet the near disappearance of tuberculosis from the Western world, where it was once the greatest killer of all, owes little to streptomycin.

WSJ: Matt Ridley on Infectious Diseases and Standards of Living | Mind & Matter

Resistance to streptomycin is spreading, but while that might make some cases incurable, the economic and social conditions for TB to spread no longer exist.

WSJ: Matt Ridley on Infectious Diseases and Standards of Living | Mind & Matter

The first, of streptomycin in tuberculosis, was published in 1948.

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The advantages of life-saving drugs such as streptomycin are obvious.

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Mortality from TB had already fallen by 75% in most Western countries by 1950, when streptomycin became available, and the rate of fall was little different before and after.

WSJ: Matt Ridley on Infectious Diseases and Standards of Living | Mind & Matter