The same thing occurred as the cell phone evolved from a substitute for telephone land-lines and handsets to a substitute for cameras, calculators, music players, game players, personal digital assistants and much more.
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XML, the human voice becomes a substitute for a computer mouse and the spoken command for a click.
So as he came back into the UK, this was picked up by the immigration authorities and the assumption was that the returning boy was a substitute either for a boy unrelated to the family or for one of the mother's nephews.
It shouldn't be a substitute for having a real conversation with your child, for spending time with them.
But philanthropy is not a substitute for a working state under the rule of law.
Being licensed as an insurance agent is not a substitute for a securities license.
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Not a traditional bank, it acts as a bank, and is a substitute for a limping sector.
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But a statutory debt limit is a poor substitute for a constitutional balanced budget amendment.
There are many ways that companies seek a substitute for having a purpose.
Saying your opponents have rejected your old plan is not a substitute for having a new one or working with them to achieve real compromise.
In the end, there is no program or policy that can substitute for a parent, for a mother or father who will attend those parent-teacher conferences, or help with homework, or turn off the TV, put away the video games, read to their child.
Technically the purchase of bonds is not a substitute for fiscal policy, it is a liquidity provision for purchasers of the sovereign debt and an act of faith that the governments will pull through when fear induced panic selling arises.
But while individual drone strikes are a justified and often desirable tactic, they cannot fully substitute for a coherent military detention policy that provides for detaining and gathering intelligence from enemy combatants during hostilities and then trying them in a venue suitable to the wartime circumstances of their capture.
An outstanding fielder, he once appeared as a substitute for Australia in a Test in Brisbane in 2005.
Several years later Mittal began looking for a substitute for the expensive scrap he was importing to Indonesia.
It is not a substitute for consulting with a competent tax professional, i.e.
Fifteen years ago, he was also singing with a local opera company when he got a call to substitute for a singer at the Sydney Opera House.
Rocket Lawyer is no substitute for an outside attorney, just like Turbo Tax is no substitute for a CPA. Even big businesses know that having a General Counsel on staff is no replacement for employing a good law firm.
Anybody who thinks gold is a substitute for productivity is not a productive thinker.
Warnock's only England appearance was as a substitute for Wayne Bridge in a 3-0 friendly win over Trinidad and Tobago in June 2008.
As an appeals-court lawyer by training, Mr Klein thinks that, when matters of public policy are at stake, a settlement is no substitute for a ruling upheld by the courts.
At the same time that Amgen is getting ready to launch its own biosimilars, Amgen and other biotechs are campaigning state governments to make it harder to substitute a biogeneric for a brand.
No government program is a substitute for the jobs provided by a growing economy.
This publication is not a substitute for such professional advice or services, nor should it be used as a basis for any decision or action that may affect your business.
Barry Ferguson, who was deposed as Rangers and Scotland captain in April was introduced as a substitute for Miller before Boyd's replacement Nacho Novo drew a save from goalkeeper Lukasz Zaluska, playing his last match for Dundee United ahead of a summer move to Celtic.
And there was more disappointment for the visitors when Megginson, who had come on as a substitute for Josh Magennis, was stretchered off to be replaced by Dean Jarvis following a late challenge by Ross Tokely, who was booked.
To get a true feel for the forces that propel a 100-foot yacht around the buoys, there's no substitute for a seat on the teak, a rope in your hands and salt spray in the face.
Another grumbled that 15 pesos would buy only a bun and a slice of ham and was no substitute for a hot meal.
If a Skype call were really an adequate substitute for a face-to-face meeting, why are so many businesses willing to spend thousands of dollars to send a single executive across the country for a face-to-face meeting with a client or business partner?
General Motors has discussed Branagan's spray-on powder for auto bodies and parts as a substitute for heavier coatings.
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