The contrast was as great as the difference between taking a cholesterol drug and a sugarpill, says Eric Topol, chief academic officer of the Cleveland Clinic.
This study randomly divided patients into two groups - one received the antibiotic and the other was given a placebo, an inert treatment in the form of a sugarpill, three times a day for seven days.
But thesugar industry argued this change would be a bitter pill for US consumers and would only add to the confusion about a sweetener that has drawn criticism by some health advocates.
The researchers found that the drugs did have a positive impact on people with mild depression - but the effect was no bigger than that achieved by giving patients a sugar-coated "dummy" pill.