Scottish Coal was the biggest surface mining supplier in Britain, and biggest coal firm in Scotland.
Meanwhile, falling coal prices and other factors are undermining the economic logic behind surface mining.
The industry's now down to fewer than 2000 directly-employed workers in surface mining.
Coal mining accounts for 90% of sales at Joy's underground division and 33% at its surface-mining unit (copper and other ores account for the rest).
Where surface coal mining disfigures landscapes, these must be restored imaginatively, creating more work for labourers but also for gardening designers, arborists and the such like.
FORBES: How Much Energy Do Apple's Data Centers Get From Coal? [UPDATED]
Hargreaves is restructuring the ATH operations in a bid to make them viable, while also pledging to use profits towards the restoration of surface coal-mining after operations are complete.
In 1994, as the Mandela government came to power, Motsepe left the law firm and struck out on his own, hoping to build a business contracting low-level labor like sweeping, where workers use brooms to glean gold dust from the rock surface after industrial mining crews have done their work.
The burgeoning commercial space sector is also casting its gaze towards Earth's only natural satellite with companies considering everything from mining the lunar surface to building extraterrestrial resorts on it.
He plays Sam, an astronaut who is nearing the end of a three-year stint on the lunar surface, where he manages the mining of Helium-3, a precious substance that will save the planet Earth.
However, earlier this month, researchers from Durham University's Energy Institute reported that fracking was not a significant source of tremors that can be felt on the surface, compared to many other human activities such as mining or filling reservoirs with water.
BBC: Lancashire election candidates asked to oppose fracking
They are also mining data looking for potentially risky activity below the surface.
FORBES: Quartet FS Helps Financial Risk Management Move To Real Time
Much of the mining is occurring more than a mile below the surface.
FORBES: USAGX's Denbow: Gold-Mining Companies Face Challenges Finding New Supply
Fronteer announced that drilling by Newmont USA Limited, a wholly owned subsidiary of Newmont Mining, has intersected additional bonanza-grade, near-surface oxide gold at Sandman, one of three high-quality Nevada gold projects in Fronteer's future production platform.
应用推荐