Even if some subsidising is necessary, however, the amount thrown at Deutsche Post's parcels and other businesses looks suspiciously large, given the losses they sustain.
It is now campaigning against the indefinite expansion of the money supply, and it has started taking measures to limit the losses it would sustain in a break-up.
And with UEFA's Financial Fair Play a set of regulations that limit the amount of losses a club can sustain over a given period now in effect, Bayern's competitive advantage will only increase.
There's another major side effect to third-party ownership: Its impact on the new Financial Fair Play regulations that limit the losses clubs wishing to play in lucrative European competition can sustain.