Sri Lanka's system of proportional representation makes the magical two-thirds majority hard to reach.
Thirty-two parties were competing under a system of proportional representation for the 120-member Knesset.
Northern Ireland will elect three members under a separate system of proportional representation, the single-transferable vote.
Mr Narayan also argues for a system of proportional representation to break the link between constituency and candidate.
ECONOMIST: India's tainted ministers: The boys from Bihar | The
Post-apartheid South Africa uses a list system of proportional representation (PR) and it has had various coalitions since 1994.
Lok Raj Baral, a political scientist, says that in a system of proportional representation some of the Brahmin politicians on whom the parties depend must lose out.
New Zealanders seem to have mastered some of the intricacies of their German-style system of proportional representation, which had been blamed for producing the previous unstable government.
Because, under Germany's system of proportional representation, the Greens got 47 parliamentary seats, but under France's majority-voting system its Greens, the main environmental party, got a mere half-dozen.
The justification for the Israel's system of proportional representation is that the state is still undergoing far-reaching and rapid changes in the population make-up as a result of immigration.
It meant that although the BNP came fifth in the popular vote for the area, it won a seat through the system of proportional representation used in the European elections.
However, because the elections are being fought under a new system of proportional representation, the overall number of Tory seats will rise, which should help Mr Hague put a positive gloss on the results.
Assuming it has passed, there will now be a fresh general election, in December, with a more proportional system of representation, in which many more Sunnis are expected to participate.
ECONOMIST: Saddam in the dock as Iraq counts its ballots | The
Israel would have to consider its electoral laws and weigh the prospect of moving from a proportional representation system to a direct, district system.
The government has already changed the voting system for European elections and will introduce some form of proportional representation for the polls for the Scottish and Welsh assemblies and the London mayor.
Mr Kennedy says he expects Labour to honour its pledge but he strenuously denies any suggestion of a pre-election pact between himself and the prime minister to introduce the lesser form of proportional representation - the Alternative Vote system.
In Congress, it should be the largest party in the lower house (despite the electronic vote, the Electoral Tribunal takes several days to confirm the allocation of seats under Brazil's complicated proportional representation system).
And the new proportional representation system would give Tory rebels a better chance of winning seats as an independent party.
The way the chamber of deputies is formed - by an open-list proportional representation system - makes it easier for celebrity candidates to win office.
BBC: Brazilian clown Tiririca takes elected seat in congress
The election is based on a proportional representation system that requires voters to select a party's list of candidates rather than one specific individual.
The voting system is highly complex, with two-thirds of the 498 elected seats being decided by proportional representation and the rest by a first-past-the-post system.
The introduction of proportional representation, she believes, would bolster confidence and interest in the political system.
By early morning, after all the votes had been counted and 46 parliamentary seats allocated under the proportional-representation system, the GNP had emerged with 133 seats, just four short of a majority.
Messrs Zeman and Klaus, whose parties together won 60% of the vote and 137 of parliament's 200 seats, want to amend the constitution so as to change the voting system from proportional representation to first-past-the-post.
应用推荐